Connect to dbt Cloud

dbt (data build tool) is a development environment that enables data analysts and data engineers to transform data by simply writing select statements. dbt handles turning these select statements into tables and views. dbt compiles your code into raw SQL and then runs that code on the specified database in Databricks. dbt supports collaborative coding patterns and best practices such as version control, documentation, and modularity.

dbt does not extract or load data. dbt focuses on the transformation step only, using a “transform after load” architecture. dbt assumes that you already have a copy of your data in your database.

This article focuses on dbt Cloud. dbt Cloud comes equipped with turnkey support for scheduling jobs, CI/CD, serving documentation, monitoring and alerting, and an integrated development environment (IDE).

A local version of dbt called dbt Core is also available. dbt Core enables you to write dbt code in the text editor or IDE of your choice on your local development machine and then run dbt from the command line. dbt Core includes the dbt Command Line Interface (CLI). The dbt CLI is free to use and open source. For more information, see Connect to dbt Core.

Because dbt Cloud and dbt Core can use hosted git repositories (for example, on GitHub, GitLab or BitBucket), you can use dbt Cloud to create a dbt project and then make it available to your dbt Cloud and dbt Core users. For more information, see Creating a dbt project and Using an existing project on the dbt website.

For a general overview of dbt, watch the following YouTube video (26 minutes).

Connect to dbt Cloud using Partner Connect

This section describes how to connect a Databricks SQL warehouse to dbt Cloud using Partner Connect, then give dbt Cloud read access to your data.

Differences between standard connections and dbt Cloud

To connect to dbt Cloud using Partner Connect, you follow the steps in Connect to data prep partners using Partner Connect. The dbt Cloud connection is different from standard data preparation and transformation connections in the following ways:

  • In addition to a service principal and a personal access token, Partner Connect creates a SQL warehouse (formerly SQL endpoint) named DBT_CLOUD_ENDPOINT by default.

Steps to connect

To connect to dbt Cloud using Partner Connect, do the following:

  1. Connect to data prep partners using Partner Connect.

  2. After you connect to dbt Cloud, your dbt Cloud dashboard appears. To explore your dbt Cloud project, in the menu bar, next to the dbt logo, select your dbt account name from the first drop-down if it is not displayed, and then select the Databricks Partner Connect Trial project from the second drop-down menu if it is not displayed.

    Tip

    To view your project’s settings, click the “three stripes” or “hamburger” menu, click Account Settings > Projects, and click the name of the project. To view the connection settings, click the link next to Connection. To change any settings, click Edit.

    To view the Databricks personal access token information for this project, click the “person” icon on the menu bar, click Profile > Credentials > Databricks Partner Connect Trial, and click the name of the project. To make a change, click Edit.

Steps to give dbt Cloud read access to your data

Partner Connect gives create-only permission to the DBT_CLOUD_USER service principal only on the default catalog. Follow these steps in your Databricks workspace to give the DBT_CLOUD_USER service principal read access to the data that you choose.

Warning

You can adapt these steps to give dbt Cloud additional access across catalogs, databases, and tables within your workspace. However, as a security best practice, Databricks strongly recommends that you give access only to the individual tables that you need the DBT_CLOUD_USER service principal to work with and only read access to those tables.

  1. Click Catalog icon Catalog in the sidebar.

  2. Select the SQL warehouse (DBT_CLOUD_ENDPOINT) in the drop-down list at the top right.

    Select warehouse
    1. Under Catalog Explorer, select the catalog that contains the database for your table.

    2. Select the database that contains your table.

    3. Select your table.

    Tip

    If you do not see your catalog, database, or table listed, enter any portion of the name in the Select Catalog, Select Database, or Filter tables boxes, respectively, to narrow down the list.

    Filter tables
  3. Click Permissions.

  4. Click Grant.

  5. For Type to add multiple users or groups, select DBT_CLOUD_USER. This is the Databricks service principal that Partner Connect created for you in the previous section.

    Tip

    If you do not see DBT_CLOUD_USER, begin typing DBT_CLOUD_USER in the Type to add multiple users or groups box until it appears in the list, and then select it.

  6. Grant read access only by selecting SELECT and READ METADATA.

  7. Click OK.

Repeat steps 4-9 for each additional table that you want to give dbt Cloud read access to.

Troubleshoot the dbt Cloud connection

If someone deletes the project in dbt Cloud for this account, and you the click the dbt tile, an error message appears, stating that the project cannot be found. To fix this, click Delete connection, and then start from the beginning of this procedure to create the connection again.

Connect to dbt Cloud manually

This section describes how to connect a Databricks cluster or a Databricks SQL warehouse in your Databricks workspace to dbt Cloud.

Important

Databricks recommends connecting to a SQL warehouse. If you don’t have the Databricks SQL access entitlement, or if you want to run Python models, you can connect to a cluster instead.

Requirements

  • To connect dbt Cloud to data managed by Unity Catalog, dbt version 1.1 or above.

    The steps in this article create a new environment that uses the latest dbt version. For information about upgrading the dbt version for an existing environment, see Upgrading to the latest version of dbt in Cloud in the dbt documentation.

Step 1: Sign up for dbt Cloud

Go to dbt Cloud - Signup and enter your email, name, and company information. Create a password and click Create my account.

Step 2: Create a dbt project

In this step, you create a dbt project, which contains a connection to a Databricks cluster or a SQL warehouse, a repository that contains your source code, and one or more environments (such as testing and production environments).

  1. Sign in to dbt Cloud.

  2. Click the settings icon, and then click Account Settings.

  3. Click New Project.

  4. For Name, enter a unique name for your project, and then click Continue.

  5. For Choose a connection, click Databricks, and then click Next.

  6. For Name, enter a unique name for this connection.

  7. For Select Adapter, click Databricks (dbt-databricks).

    Note

    Databricks recommends using dbt-databricks, which supports Unity Catalog, instead of dbt-spark. By default, new projects use dbt-databricks. To migrate an existing project to dbt-databricks, see Migrating from dbt-spark to dbt-databricks in the dbt documentation.

  8. Under Settings, for Server Hostname, enter the server hostname value from the requirements.

  9. For HTTP Path, enter the HTTP path value from the requirements.

  10. If your workspace is Unity Catalog-enabled, under Optional Settings, enter the name of the catalog for dbt Cloud to use.

  11. Under Development Credentials, for Token, enter the personal access token from the requirements.

  12. For Schema, enter the name of the schema where you want dbt Cloud to create the tables and views (for example, default).

  13. Click Test Connection.

  14. If the test succeeds, click Next.

For more information, see Connecting to Databricks ODBC on the dbt website.

Tip

To view or change the settings for this project, or to delete the project altogether, click the settings icon, click Account Settings > Projects, and click the name of the project. To change the settings, click Edit. To delete the project, click Edit > Delete Project.

To view or change your Databricks personal access token value for this project, click the “person” icon, click Profile > Credentials, and click the name of the project. To make a change, click Edit.

After you connect to a Databricks cluster or a Databricks SQL warehouse, follow the on-screen instructions to Setup a Repository, and then click Continue.

After you set up the repository, follow the on-screen instructions to invite users and then click Complete. Or click Skip & Complete.

Tutorial

In this section, you use your dbt Cloud project to work with some sample data. This section assumes that you have already created your project and have the dbt Cloud IDE open to that project.

Step 1: Create and run models

In this step, you use the dbt Cloud IDE to create and run models, which are select statements that create either a new view (the default) or a new table in a database, based on existing data in that same database. This procedure creates a model based on the sample diamonds table from the Sample datasets.

Use the following code to create this table.

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS diamonds;

CREATE TABLE diamonds USING CSV OPTIONS (path "/databricks-datasets/Rdatasets/data-001/csv/ggplot2/diamonds.csv", header "true")

This procedure assumes this table has already been created in your workspace’s default database.

  1. With the project open, click Develop at the top of the UI.

  2. Click Initialize dbt project.

  3. Click Commit and sync, enter a commit message, and then click Commit.

  4. Click Create branch, enter a name for your branch, and then click Submit.

  5. Create the first model: Click Create New File.

  6. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This statement selects only the carat, cut, color, and clarity details for each diamond from the diamonds table. The config block instructs dbt to create a table in the database based on this statement.

    {{ config(
      materialized='table',
      file_format='delta'
    ) }}
    
    select carat, cut, color, clarity
    from diamonds
    

    Tip

    For additional config options such as the merge incremental strategy, see Databricks configurations in the dbt documentation.

  7. Click Save As.

  8. For the filename, enter models/diamonds_four_cs.sql and then click Create.

  9. Create a second model: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  10. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This statement selects unique values from the colors column in the diamonds_four_cs table, sorting the results in alphabetical order first to last. Because there is no config block, this model instructs dbt to create a view in the database based on this statement.

    select distinct color
    from diamonds_four_cs
    sort by color asc
    
  11. Click Save As.

  12. For the filename, enter models/diamonds_list_colors.sql, and then click Create.

  13. Create a third model: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  14. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This statement averages diamond prices by color, sorting the results by average price from highest to lowest. This model instructs dbt to create a view in the database based on this statement.

    select color, avg(price) as price
    from diamonds
    group by color
    order by price desc
    
  15. Click Save As.

  16. For the filename, enter models/diamonds_prices.sql and click Create.

  17. Run the models: In the command line, run the dbt run command with the paths to the three preceding files. In the default database, dbt creates one table named diamonds_four_cs and two views named diamonds_list_colors and diamonds_prices. dbt gets these view and table names from their related .sql file names.

    dbt run --model models/diamonds_four_cs.sql models/diamonds_list_colors.sql models/diamonds_prices.sql
    
    ...
    ... | 1 of 3 START table model default.diamonds_four_cs.................... [RUN]
    ... | 1 of 3 OK created table model default.diamonds_four_cs............... [OK ...]
    ... | 2 of 3 START view model default.diamonds_list_colors................. [RUN]
    ... | 2 of 3 OK created view model default.diamonds_list_colors............ [OK ...]
    ... | 3 of 3 START view model default.diamonds_prices...................... [RUN]
    ... | 3 of 3 OK created view model default.diamonds_prices................. [OK ...]
    ... |
    ... | Finished running 1 table model, 2 view models ...
    
    Completed successfully
    
    Done. PASS=3 WARN=0 ERROR=0 SKIP=0 TOTAL=3
    
  18. Run the following SQL code to list information about the new views and to select all rows from the table and views.

    If you are connecting to a cluster, you can run this SQL code from a notebook that is attached to the cluster, specifying SQL as the default language for the notebook. If you are connecting to a SQL warehouse, you can run this SQL code from a query.

    SHOW views IN default
    
    +-----------+----------------------+-------------+
    | namespace | viewName             | isTemporary |
    +===========+======================+=============+
    | default   | diamonds_list_colors | false       |
    +-----------+----------------------+-------------+
    | default   | diamonds_prices      | false       |
    +-----------+----------------------+-------------+
    
    SELECT * FROM diamonds_four_cs
    
    +-------+---------+-------+---------+
    | carat | cut     | color | clarity |
    +=======+=========+=======+=========+
    | 0.23  | Ideal   | E     | SI2     |
    +-------+---------+-------+---------+
    | 0.21  | Premium | E     | SI1     |
    +-------+---------+-------+---------+
    ...
    
    SELECT * FROM diamonds_list_colors
    
    +-------+
    | color |
    +=======+
    | D     |
    +-------+
    | E     |
    +-------+
    ...
    
    SELECT * FROM diamonds_prices
    
    +-------+---------+
    | color | price   |
    +=======+=========+
    | J     | 5323.82 |
    +-------+---------+
    | I     | 5091.87 |
    +-------+---------+
    ...
    

Step 2: Create and run more complex models

In this step, you create more complex models for a set of related data tables. These data tables contain information about a fictional sports league of three teams playing a season of six games. This procedure creates the data tables, creates the models, and runs the models.

  1. Run the following SQL code to create the necessary data tables.

    If you are connecting to a cluster, you can run this SQL code from a notebook that is attached to the cluster, specifying SQL as the default language for the notebook. If you are connecting to a SQL warehouse, you can run this SQL code from a query.

    The tables and views in this step start with zzz_ to help identify them as part of this example. You do not need to follow this pattern for your own tables and views.

    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS zzz_game_opponents;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS zzz_game_scores;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS zzz_games;
    DROP TABLE IF EXISTS zzz_teams;
    
    CREATE TABLE zzz_game_opponents (
    game_id INT,
    home_team_id INT,
    visitor_team_id INT
    ) USING DELTA;
    
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_opponents VALUES (1, 1, 2);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_opponents VALUES (2, 1, 3);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_opponents VALUES (3, 2, 1);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_opponents VALUES (4, 2, 3);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_opponents VALUES (5, 3, 1);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_opponents VALUES (6, 3, 2);
    
    -- Result:
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    -- | game_id | home_team_id | visitor_team_id |
    -- +=========+==============+=================+
    -- | 1       | 1            | 2               |
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    -- | 2       | 1            | 3               |
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    -- | 3       | 2            | 1               |
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    -- | 4       | 2            | 3               |
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    -- | 5       | 3            | 1               |
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    -- | 6       | 3            | 2               |
    -- +---------+--------------+-----------------+
    
    CREATE TABLE zzz_game_scores (
    game_id INT,
    home_team_score INT,
    visitor_team_score INT
    ) USING DELTA;
    
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_scores VALUES (1, 4, 2);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_scores VALUES (2, 0, 1);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_scores VALUES (3, 1, 2);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_scores VALUES (4, 3, 2);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_scores VALUES (5, 3, 0);
    INSERT INTO zzz_game_scores VALUES (6, 3, 1);
    
    -- Result:
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    -- | game_id | home_team_score | visitor_team_score |
    -- +=========+=================+====================+
    -- | 1       | 4               | 2                  |
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    -- | 2       | 0               | 1                  |
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    -- | 3       | 1               | 2                  |
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    -- | 4       | 3               | 2                  |
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    -- | 5       | 3               | 0                  |
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    -- | 6       | 3               | 1                  |
    -- +---------+-----------------+--------------------+
    
    CREATE TABLE zzz_games (
    game_id INT,
    game_date DATE
    ) USING DELTA;
    
    INSERT INTO zzz_games VALUES (1, '2020-12-12');
    INSERT INTO zzz_games VALUES (2, '2021-01-09');
    INSERT INTO zzz_games VALUES (3, '2020-12-19');
    INSERT INTO zzz_games VALUES (4, '2021-01-16');
    INSERT INTO zzz_games VALUES (5, '2021-01-23');
    INSERT INTO zzz_games VALUES (6, '2021-02-06');
    
    -- Result:
    -- +---------+------------+
    -- | game_id | game_date  |
    -- +=========+============+
    -- | 1       | 2020-12-12 |
    -- +---------+------------+
    -- | 2       | 2021-01-09 |
    -- +---------+------------+
    -- | 3       | 2020-12-19 |
    -- +---------+------------+
    -- | 4       | 2021-01-16 |
    -- +---------+------------+
    -- | 5       | 2021-01-23 |
    -- +---------+------------+
    -- | 6       | 2021-02-06 |
    -- +---------+------------+
    
    CREATE TABLE zzz_teams (
    team_id INT,
    team_city VARCHAR(15)
    ) USING DELTA;
    
    INSERT INTO zzz_teams VALUES (1, "San Francisco");
    INSERT INTO zzz_teams VALUES (2, "Seattle");
    INSERT INTO zzz_teams VALUES (3, "Amsterdam");
    
    -- Result:
    -- +---------+---------------+
    -- | team_id | team_city     |
    -- +=========+===============+
    -- | 1       | San Francisco |
    -- +---------+---------------+
    -- | 2       | Seattle       |
    -- +---------+---------------+
    -- | 3       | Amsterdam     |
    -- +---------+---------------+
    
  2. Create the first model: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  3. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This statement creates a table that provides the details of each game, such as team names and scores. The config block instructs dbt to create a table in the database based on this statement.

    -- Create a table that provides full details for each game, including
    -- the game ID, the home and visiting teams' city names and scores,
    -- the game winner's city name, and the game date.
    
    {{ config(
      materialized='table',
      file_format='delta'
    ) }}
    
    -- Step 4 of 4: Replace the visitor team IDs with their city names.
    select
      game_id,
      home,
      t.team_city as visitor,
      home_score,
      visitor_score,
      -- Step 3 of 4: Display the city name for each game's winner.
      case
        when
          home_score > visitor_score
            then
              home
        when
          visitor_score > home_score
            then
              t.team_city
      end as winner,
      game_date as date
    from (
      -- Step 2 of 4: Replace the home team IDs with their actual city names.
      select
        game_id,
        t.team_city as home,
        home_score,
        visitor_team_id,
        visitor_score,
        game_date
      from (
        -- Step 1 of 4: Combine data from various tables (for example, game and team IDs, scores, dates).
        select
          g.game_id,
          go.home_team_id,
          gs.home_team_score as home_score,
          go.visitor_team_id,
          gs.visitor_team_score as visitor_score,
          g.game_date
        from
          zzz_games as g,
          zzz_game_opponents as go,
          zzz_game_scores as gs
        where
          g.game_id = go.game_id and
          g.game_id = gs.game_id
      ) as all_ids,
        zzz_teams as t
      where
        all_ids.home_team_id = t.team_id
    ) as visitor_ids,
      zzz_teams as t
    where
      visitor_ids.visitor_team_id = t.team_id
    order by game_date desc
    
  4. Click Save As.

  5. For the filename, enter models/zzz_game_details.sql and then click Create.

  6. Create a second model: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  7. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This statement creates a view that lists team win-loss records for the season.

    -- Create a view that summarizes the season's win and loss records by team.
    
    -- Step 2 of 2: Calculate the number of wins and losses for each team.
    select
      winner as team,
      count(winner) as wins,
      -- Each team played in 4 games.
      (4 - count(winner)) as losses
    from (
      -- Step 1 of 2: Determine the winner and loser for each game.
      select
        game_id,
        winner,
        case
          when
            home = winner
              then
                visitor
          else
            home
        end as loser
      from zzz_game_details
    )
    group by winner
    order by wins desc
    
  8. Click Save As.

  9. For the filename, enter models/zzz_win_loss_records.sql and then click Create.

  10. Run the models: In the command line, run the dbt run command with the paths to the two preceding files. In the default database (as specified in your project settings), dbt creates one table named zzz_game_details and one view named zzz_win_loss_records. dbt gets these view and table names from their related .sql file names.

    dbt run --model models/zzz_game_details.sql models/zzz_win_loss_records.sql
    
    ...
    ... | 1 of 2 START table model default.zzz_game_details.................... [RUN]
    ... | 1 of 2 OK created table model default.zzz_game_details............... [OK ...]
    ... | 2 of 2 START view model default.zzz_win_loss_records................. [RUN]
    ... | 2 of 2 OK created view model default.zzz_win_loss_records............ [OK ...]
    ... |
    ... | Finished running 1 table model, 1 view model ...
    
    Completed successfully
    
    Done. PASS=2 WARN=0 ERROR=0 SKIP=0 TOTAL=2
    
  11. Run the following SQL code to list information about the new view and to select all rows from the table and view.

    If you are connecting to a cluster, you can run this SQL code from a notebook that is attached to the cluster, specifying SQL as the default language for the notebook. If you are connecting to a SQL warehouse, you can run this SQL code from a query.

    SHOW VIEWS FROM default LIKE 'zzz_win_loss_records';
    
    +-----------+----------------------+-------------+
    | namespace | viewName             | isTemporary |
    +===========+======================+=============+
    | default   | zzz_win_loss_records | false       |
    +-----------+----------------------+-------------+
    
    SELECT * FROM zzz_game_details;
    
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    | game_id | home          | visitor       | home_score | visitor_score | winner        | date       |
    +=========+===============+===============+============+===============+===============+============+
    | 1       | San Francisco | Seattle       | 4          | 2             | San Francisco | 2020-12-12 |
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    | 2       | San Francisco | Amsterdam     | 0          | 1             | Amsterdam     | 2021-01-09 |
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    | 3       | Seattle       | San Francisco | 1          | 2             | San Francisco | 2020-12-19 |
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    | 4       | Seattle       | Amsterdam     | 3          | 2             | Seattle       | 2021-01-16 |
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    | 5       | Amsterdam     | San Francisco | 3          | 0             | Amsterdam     | 2021-01-23 |
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    | 6       | Amsterdam     | Seattle       | 3          | 1             | Amsterdam     | 2021-02-06 |
    +---------+---------------+---------------+------------+---------------+---------------+------------+
    
    SELECT * FROM zzz_win_loss_records;
    
    +---------------+------+--------+
    | team          | wins | losses |
    +===============+======+========+
    | Amsterdam     | 3    | 1      |
    +---------------+------+--------+
    | San Francisco | 2    | 2      |
    +---------------+------+--------+
    | Seattle       | 1    | 3      |
    +---------------+------+--------+
    

Step 3: Create and run tests

In this step, you create tests, which are assertions you make about your models. When you run these tests, dbt tells you if each test in your project passes or fails.

There are two type of tests. Schema tests, written in YAML, return the number of records that do not pass an assertion. When this number is zero, all records pass, therefore the tests pass. Data tests are specific queries that must return zero records to pass.

  1. Create the schema tests: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  2. In the text editor, enter the following content. This file includes schema tests that determine whether the specified columns have unique values, are not null, have only the specified values, or a combination.

    version: 2
    
    models:
      - name: zzz_game_details
        columns:
          - name: game_id
            tests:
              - unique
              - not_null
          - name: home
            tests:
              - not_null
              - accepted_values:
                  values: ['Amsterdam', 'San Francisco', 'Seattle']
          - name: visitor
            tests:
              - not_null
              - accepted_values:
                  values: ['Amsterdam', 'San Francisco', 'Seattle']
          - name: home_score
            tests:
              - not_null
          - name: visitor_score
            tests:
              - not_null
          - name: winner
            tests:
              - not_null
              - accepted_values:
                  values: ['Amsterdam', 'San Francisco', 'Seattle']
          - name: date
            tests:
              - not_null
      - name: zzz_win_loss_records
        columns:
          - name: team
            tests:
              - unique
              - not_null
              - relationships:
                  to: ref('zzz_game_details')
                  field: home
          - name: wins
            tests:
              - not_null
          - name: losses
            tests:
              - not_null
    
  3. Click Save As.

  4. For the filename, enter models/schema.yml, and then click Create.

  5. Create the first data test: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  6. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This file includes a data test to determine whether any games happened outside of the regular season.

    -- This season's games happened between 2020-12-12 and 2021-02-06.
    -- For this test to pass, this query must return no results.
    
    select date
    from zzz_game_details
    where date < '2020-12-12'
    or date > '2021-02-06'
    
  7. Click Save As.

  8. For the filename, enter tests/zzz_game_details_check_dates.sql, and then click Create.

  9. Create a second data test: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  10. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This file includes a data test to determine whether any scores were negative or any games were tied.

    -- This sport allows no negative scores or tie games.
    -- For this test to pass, this query must return no results.
    
    select home_score, visitor_score
    from zzz_game_details
    where home_score < 0
    or visitor_score < 0
    or home_score = visitor_score
    
  11. Click Save As.

  12. For the filename, enter tests/zzz_game_details_check_scores.sql, and then click Create.

  13. Create a third data test: Click Create New File icon (Create New File) in the upper-right corner.

  14. In the text editor, enter the following SQL statement. This file includes a data test to determine whether any teams had negative win or loss records, had more win or loss records than games played, or played more games than were allowed.

    -- Each team participated in 4 games this season.
    -- For this test to pass, this query must return no results.
    
    select wins, losses
    from zzz_win_loss_records
    where wins < 0 or wins > 4
    or losses < 0 or losses > 4
    or (wins + losses) > 4
    
  15. Click Save As.

  16. For the filename, enter tests/zzz_win_loss_records_check_records.sql, and then click Create.

  17. Run the tests: In the command line, run the dbt test command.

Step 4: Clean up

You can delete the tables and views you created for this example by running the following SQL code.

If you are connecting to a cluster, you can run this SQL code from a notebook that is attached to the cluster, specifying SQL as the default language for the notebook. If you are connecting to a SQL warehouse, you can run this SQL code from a query.

DROP TABLE zzz_game_opponents;
DROP TABLE zzz_game_scores;
DROP TABLE zzz_games;
DROP TABLE zzz_teams;
DROP TABLE zzz_game_details;
DROP VIEW zzz_win_loss_records;

DROP TABLE diamonds;
DROP TABLE diamonds_four_cs;
DROP VIEW diamonds_list_colors;
DROP VIEW diamonds_prices;

Next steps

  • Learn more about dbt models.

  • Learn how to test your dbt projects.

  • Learn how to use Jinja, a templating language, for programming SQL in your dbt projects.

  • Learn about dbt best practices.